Facts About ISRO Mars Orbiter Mission

ISRO Mars Orbiter Mission

1. It is India's first interplanetary mission and ISRO has become the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space program,NASA, and the European Space Agency.
2. It is also the first nation to reach Mars orbit on its first attempt, and the first Asian nation to do so.
3. The Mars Orbiter Mission probe lifted-off from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota Range SHAR), Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket C25 at 09:08 UTC (14:38 IST) on 5 November 2013.
4. The launch window was approximately 20 days long and started on 28 October 2013.
5. The MOM probe spent about a month in geocentric, low-Earth orbit, where it made a series of seven altitude-raising orbital manoeuvres before trans-Mars injection on 30 November 2013.
6. A 298-day transit to Mars, it was successfully inserted into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014.
7. The spacecraft is currently being monitored from the Spacecraft Control Centre at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) inBangalore with support from Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennae at Byalalu.
8. The total project cost may be up to 454 crore(US$74 million).
9. The satellite costs 153 crore (US$25 million).
10. The space agency had planned the launch on 28 October 2013 but was postponed to 5 November 2013 following the delay in ISRO's spacecraft tracking ships to take up pre-determined positions due to poor weather in the Pacific Ocean.
11. The Mars Orbiter's on-orbit mission life is six-to-ten months.
12. The ISRO plans to send a follow-up mission with a greater scientific payload to Mars in the 2017–2020 timeframe.
13. The total cost of the mission was approximately $70 million and is the cheapest inter-planetary mission ever to be undertaken since Martian exploration began.
14. ISRO long (18-20 hour) working days for scientists.
15. The orbit insertion put MOM in a highly elliptical orbit around Mars, with a period of 72 hours 51 minutes 51 seconds and aperiapsis of 421.7 km (262.0 mi) and apoapsis of 76,993.6 km (47,841.6 mi).

6 Facts About Government of China

1. The Communist Party of China which is controlled by the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, a group of 4 to 9 people, usually all older men, who make all decisions of national significance. 
2. Power is concentrated in the Paramount Leader, currently Xi Jinping, who heads the three most important political and state offices: He is General Secretary of the Communist Party and of the Central Committee and Chairman of the Central Military Commission and also the President of the People's Republic of China.

According to a prominent government spokesman:

1. "We will never simply copy the system of Western countries or introduce a system of multiple parties holding office in rotation; although China’s state organs have different responsibilities, they all adhere to the line, principles and policies of the party"

2. The legal power of the Communist Party is guaranteed by the PRC constitutionand its position as the supreme political authority in the PRC is realised through its comprehensive control of the state, military, and media.
3. Under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the NPC is the highest organ of state power in China. 
4. The NPC generally approves State Council policy and personnel recommendations, the NPC and its standing committee has increasingly asserted its role as the national legislature and has been able to force revisions in some laws. 
5. The President (formerly, Chairman) and Vice President are elected by the National People's Congress for five-year terms. 
6. The Hong Kong and Macau special administrative regions (SARs) have some local autonomy since they have separate governments, legal systems, and basic constitutional laws, but they come under Beijing's control in matters of foreign affairsand national security, and their chief executives are handpicked by the central government.

6 Fact about Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM)

1.  SPLM and Government of Sudan signed a Comprehensive Peace Agreement, ending the civil war.
2. SPLM obtained representation in the Government of Sudan, and was the main constituent of the Government of the then semi-autonomous Southern Sudan.
3. SPLM became the ruling party of the new republic.
4. SPLA, SPLM and Government of Sudan signed a Comprehensive Peace Agreement, ending the civil war.
5. The governments of Gaafar Nimeiry, Sadiq al-Mahdi and Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir in what is now called the Second Sudanese Civil War.
6. The war has been largely described in religious and ethnic terms, and also as a struggle for control of the water and oil resources located in southern and western Sudan.